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OpenAI

Febraayo 2, 2025

Shaacin

Introducing deep research

Ku tijaabi ChatGPT(ku furmaa daaqad cusub)
Soo kacaya…

Cusboonaysiin Febraayo 10, 2026: Hadda waxaad ku xidhi kartaa cilmi baarista qotada dheer MCP ama app kasta, waxaadna ku xaddidi kartaa raadinta webka goobo lagu kalsoon yahay, si aad diiradda u saarto ilo la xaqiijiyey oo heer-warshadeed ah. Waxa kale oo aad hadda la socon kartaa horumarka waqtiga-dhabta ah oo aad joojin kartaa si aad ugu sii saxdo weydiimo daba-gal ah ama ilo cusub. Waxaan cusboonaysiinay waayo-aragnimada muuqaalka si ay u fududaato inaad bilowdo, la socoto, oo dib u eegto cilmi-baaristaada bilow ilaa dhammaad.

Cusboonaysiin Luulyo 17, 2025: Cilmi baarista qotada dheer hadda waxay u sii socon kartaa si ka sii qoto dheer oo ballaaran iyadoo heshay browser muuqaal ah oo qayb ka ah wakiilka ChatGPT. Si aad u gasho awoodahan cusub, si fudud uga dooro “agent mode” liiska hoos-u-dhaca ee goobta farriinta oo si toos ah u geli su’aashaada. Shaqadii asalka ahayd ee cilmi baarista qotada dheer weli waa la heli karaa iyada oo loo marayo ikhtiyaarka “deep research” ee liiska tools-ka.

Cusboonaysiin Abriil 24, 2025: Waxaan si weyn u kordhinaynaa inta jeer ee aad adeegsan karto cilmi baarista qotada dheer—isticmaaleyaasha Plus, Team, Enterprise, iyo Edu hadda waxay helayaan 25 su’aalood bishii, isticmaaleyaasha Pro-na 250, isticmaaleyaasha Free-na 5. Tani waxay suurtagal ku noqotay nooc cusub oo fudud oo cilmi baarista qotada dheer ah oo ay waddo nooc ka mid ah o4-mini, loona naqshadeeyey inuu kharash ahaan waxtar badan yeesho isagoo ilaalinaya tayo sare. Marka aad gaadho xadka nooca buuxa, su’aalahaagu si toos ah ayay ugu wareegi doonaan nooca fudud.

Cusboonaysiin Febraayo 25, 2025: Dhammaan isticmaaleyaasha Plus hadda way isticmaali karaan cilmi baarista qotada dheer.

Cusboonaysiin Febraayo 5, 2025: Cilmi baarista qotada dheer hadda waxay u diyaar tahay isticmaaleyaasha Pro ee Boqortooyada Midowday, Switzerland, iyo Aagga Dhaqaalaha Yurub.

Maanta waxaan ChatGPT ku soo bandhigaynaa cilmi baarista qotada dheer, awood cusub oo wakiileed oo internet-ka ka qabata cilmi-baaris dhowr-tallaabo leh oo hawlo adag ah. Waxay ku qabataa daqiiqado badan gudaheed wax qofka bani’aadamka ah ku qaadan lahaa saacado badan.

Cilmi baarista qotada dheer waa wakiilka xiga ee OpenAI oo si madax-bannaan shaqo kuugu qaban kara—adigu waxaad siisaa weydiin, ChatGPT‑na wuxuu heli doonaa, falanqayn doonaa, oo mideyn doonaa boqolaal ilo onlayn ah si uu u abuuro warbixin dhammaystiran oo heerka falanqeeye cilmi-baariseed ah. Iyadoo ay waddo nooc ka mid ah OpenAI o3 ee soo socda oo loo habeeyey browsing-ka webka iyo falanqaynta xogta, waxay ka faa’iidaysataa caqliyeynta si ay u raadiso, u fasirto, una falanqayso tiro aad u badan oo qoraal, sawirro, iyo PDFs ah oo ku jira internet-ka, iyadoo u leexanaysa sida loogu baahdo marka ay ka falcelinayso xogta ay la kulanto.

Awoodda mideynta aqoontu waa shuruud ka horraysa abuurista aqoon cusub. Sababtaas awgeed, cilmi baarista qotada dheer waxay calaamad u tahay tallaabo muhiim ah oo loo qaaday yoolkeenna ballaaran ee horumarinta AGI, kaas oo aan muddo dheer u aragnay inuu awood u leeyahay soo saarista cilmi-baaris saynis oo cusub.

Sababta aan u dhisnay cilmi baarista qotada dheer

Cilmi baarista qotada dheer waxaa loo dhisay dadka qabta shaqo aqooneed oo culus oo ka jira meelaha sida maaliyadda, sayniska, siyaasadda, iyo injineernimada oo u baahan cilmi-baaris qoto dheer, sax ah, oo lagu kalsoonaan karo. Sidoo kale waxay si la mid ah faa’iido ugu yeelan kartaa dukaamaysatada feejigan ee raadinaya talooyin wax iibsasho oo si aad ah ugu habboon, kuwaas oo caadiyan u baahan baaritaan taxaddar leh, sida baabuurta, qalabka guriga, iyo alaabta guriga. Wax-soo-saar kasta si buuxda ayaa loo diiwaangeliyaa, iyadoo leh xigashooyin cad iyo soo koobid fikirkiisa ah, taas oo fududaynaysa in xogta la tixraaco lana xaqiijiyo. Waxay si gaar ah ugu fiican tahay helidda xog niche ah oo aan si dareen ahaan u muuqan lahayn, taas oo u baahan lahayd in la booqdo bogag badan. Cilmi baarista qotada dheer waxay kuu badbaadisaa waqti qiimo leh iyadoo kuu oggolaanaysa inaad wareejiso oo dedejiso cilmi-baarista webka ee adag oo waqti badan qaadata hal weydiin oo keliya.

Cilmi baarista qotada dheer si madaxbannaan ayay u ogaataa, uga caqliyeysaa, uguna midaynaysaa aragtiyo ka kala imanaya guud ahaan webka. Si tan loo gaaro, waxaa lagu tababaray hawlo dunida dhabta ah ah oo u baahan adeegsiga browser-ka iyo qalabka Python, iyadoo la adeegsanayo isla hababka waxbarashadda xoojinta ah ee ka dambeeya OpenAI o1, nooca caqliyeynta ee ugu horreeya. In kasta oo o1 uu muujiyo awoodo cajiib ah oo ku saabsan coding, xisaabta, iyo dhinacyo kale oo farsamo, caqabado badan oo dunida dhabta ah ah waxay dalbadaan macne ballaaran iyo ururinta xog ilo kala duwan oo onlayn ah. Cilmi baarista qotada dheer waxay ku dhisan tahay awoodahan caqliyeynta si ay u buuxiso farqigaas, taas oo u oggolaanaysa inay qabato noocyada dhibaatooyinka ay dadku kala kulmaan shaqada iyo nolol maalmeedka.

Sida loo isticmaalo cilmi baarista qotada dheer

Gudaha ChatGPT, ka dooro ‘deep research’ goobta farriinta oo geli su’aashaada. U sheeg ChatGPT waxa aad u baahan tahay—ha ahaato falanqayn tartan oo ku saabsan streaming platforms ama warbixin shakhsiyaysan oo ku saabsan baaskiilka ugu fiican ee shaqo tagga. Waxaad ku lifaaqi kartaa faylal ama spreadsheets si aad macne dheeraad ah ugu siiso su’aashaada. Marka ay bilowdo socodka, sidebar ayaa soo baxa oo leh soo koobid tallaabooyinka la qaaday iyo ilaha la adeegsaday.

Cilmi baarista qotada dheer waxay qaadan kartaa meel kasta oo u dhexaysa 5 ilaa 30 daqiiqo si ay shaqadeeda u dhammaystirto, iyadoo qaadanaysa waqtiga loo baahan yahay si qoto dheer loogu galo webka. Inta lagu jiro waqtigaas, waad ka tegi kartaa ama hawlo kale ayaad qaban kartaa—waxaad heli doontaa ogeysiis marka cilmi-baaristu dhammaato. Wax-soo-saarka ugu dambeeya wuxuu ku yimaadaa warbixin gudaha chat-ka – toddobaadyada soo socda, waxaan sidoo kale ku dari doonnaa sawirro ku dhex jira, data visualizations, iyo wax-soo-saar falanqayn kale gudaha warbixinahan si caddayn iyo macne dheeraad ah loo helo.

Marka la barbar dhigo cilmi baarista qotada dheer, GPT‑4o wuxuu ku fiican yahay wada sheekaysiyada waqtiga-dhabta ah ee noocyo badan. Weydiimaha dhinacyo badan leh oo domain-gaar ah ee qoto-dheeraanta iyo faahfaahintu muhiimka yihiin, awoodda cilmi baarista qotada dheer ay u leedahay sahamin ballaaran iyo inay xigato sheegasho kasta ayaa ah farqiga u dhexeeya soo koobid degdeg ah iyo jawaab si fiican loo diiwaangeliyey oo la xaqiijiyey oo loo adeegsan karo sidii wax-soo-saar shaqo.

GPT-4o

Help me find iOS and android adoption rates, % who want to learn another language, and change in mobile penetration, over the past 10 years, for top 10 developed and top 10 developing countries by GDP. Lay this info out in a table and separate stats into columns, and include recommendations on markets to target for a new iOS translation app from ChatGPT, focusing on markets ChatGPT is currently active in.

Compiling comprehensive data on iOS and Android adoption rates, the percentage of populations interested in learning another language, and changes in mobile penetration over the past decade for the top 10 developed and developing countries by GDP is challenging due to data limitations. However, based on available information, we can provide insights and recommendations for targeting markets with a new iOS translation app powered by ChatGPT.

Top 10 Developed Countries by GDP:

  1. United States
  2. Japan
  3. Germany
  4. United Kingdom
  5. France
  6. Italy
  7. Canada
  8. South Korea
  9. Australia
  10. Spain

Top 10 Developing Countries by GDP:

  1. China
  2. India
  3. Brazil
  4. Russia
  5. Indonesia
  6. Mexico
  7. Turkey
  8. Saudi Arabia
  9. Argentina
  10. South Africa

Insights:

  • iOS and Android Adoption Rates: Globally, Android holds a dominant market share of approximately 70.93%, while iOS accounts for about 28.32% as of 2024. In the United States, iOS leads with a 58.81% market share. Other developed countries like Japan, Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom also show a higher preference for iOS devices. In contrast, developing countries such as India and Brazil have a higher prevalence of Android devices.
  • Interest in Language Learning: While specific percentages of populations interested in learning another language are not readily available, the global popularity of language learning apps like Duolingo, which had approximately 14.3 million downloads in July 2024, indicates a significant interest. This interest is likely higher in countries with diverse linguistic landscapes or where English is not the primary language.
  • Mobile Penetration Over the Past Decade: Mobile phone ownership has seen substantial growth globally. In the United States, smartphone ownership increased from 35% in 2011 to 91% in 2024. Developing countries have also experienced significant growth in mobile penetration, contributing to increased access to digital services.

Recommendations:

Considering the available data and focusing on markets where ChatGPT is currently active, the following developed countries are promising targets for a new iOS translation app:

  • United States: High iOS market share and significant interest in language learning.
  • United Kingdom: Substantial iOS user base and a multicultural population with diverse language needs.
  • Canada: Notable iOS adoption and a bilingual population (English and French), increasing the demand for translation services.

Among developing countries, the following are noteworthy:

  • China: Despite Android's dominance, the large population and growing interest in English and other languages present a significant opportunity.
  • India: High Android usage, but a growing middle class with increasing iOS adoption and a strong interest in language learning, especially English.
  • Brazil: Predominantly Android users, but with a sizable market for language learning apps, particularly for English and Spanish.

Focusing on these markets aligns with ChatGPT's current availability and leverages existing mobile adoption trends and language learning interests.

cilmi baarista qotada dheer

Help me find iOS and android adoption rates, % who want to learn another language, and change in mobile penetration, over the past 10 years, for top 10 developed and top 10 developing countries by GDP. Lay this info out in a table and separate stats into columns, and include recommendations on markets to target for a new iOS translation app from ChatGPT, focusing on markets ChatGPT is currently active in.

Top 10 Developed Economies (by GDP) – Smartphone OS Share, Language-Learning Interest, and Mobile Penetration Growth

Country

iOS Market Share

Android Market Share

Interest in New Language

(% of population)

Mobile Penetration Change (2013→2023)

United States

(USA)

~58% iOS vs 42% Android

(see left)

High:

70% regret losing foreign-language ability (indicating strong desire to improve)

56%→82%

smartphone penetration (↑26 pp)

Japan

~69% iOS vs 31% Android

(see left)

High:

Over 50% want to learn English

~30%→79%

(approx.) (↑~50 pp)

Germany

~39% iOS vs 60% Android

(see left)

High:

86% of Europeans say everyone should speak ≥1 foreign language (strong pro-language attitude)

40%→82%

(↑42 pp)

United Kingdom

(UK)

~52% iOS vs 47% Android

(see left)

Moderate-High:

~73% have some interest (only 27% “no interest” in new languages)

62%→82%

(↑20 pp)

France

~35% iOS vs 64% Android

(see left)

High:

86% (EU average) favor multilingualism; English widely seen as important

42%→83%

(↑40 pp)

Italy

~30% iOS vs 69% Android

(see left)

High:

86% (EU avg.) favor language learning; 1 in 4 regret not learning another

41%→85%

(↑44 pp)

Canada

~60% iOS vs 40% Android

(see left)

Moderate:

Many bilingual (English/French); rising interest in third languages (no recent % data)

56%→~80%

(↑ ~24 pp) (est., similar to US)

South Korea

~24% iOS vs 76% Android

(see left)

Moderate:

Strong English education focus; ~40% of teens are learning English

73%→~95%

(↑ ~22 pp) – already very high by 2013 (near saturation now)

Australia

~55% iOS vs 45% Android

(see left)

Moderate:

~70% see learning languages as valuable (English dominant but interest in Asian languages growing)

65%→~85%

(↑ ~20 pp) (est., high smartphone use)

Spain

~20% iOS vs 79% Android

(see left)

High:

88% of Spaniards learned a foreign language in school (e.g. English); strong cultural interest

55%→~85%

(↑ ~30 pp) (est., nearing Western Europe peers)

Top 10 Developing/Emerging Economies (by GDP) – (ChatGPT availability considered)

Country

iOS Market Share

Android Market Share

Interest in New Language

(notable stats)

Mobile Penetration Change (2013→2023)

China

^(ChatGPT restricted)

~24% iOS vs 75% Android

(see left)

Very High:

Hundreds of millions learning English (but ChatGPT not officially accessible)

47%→68%

(↑21 pp)

India

~4% iOS vs 95% Android

(see left)

High:

English compulsory in many schools; strong economic motivation (80% link English to higher income)

~5%→46%

(↑ ~41 pp) (huge jump in smartphone adoption)

Brazil

~18% iOS vs 82% Android

(see left)

High:

Great demand for English – only ~5% speak it, but most see it as key skill

26%→67%

(↑40 pp)

Russia

^(ChatGPT limited)

~30% iOS vs 69% Android

(see left)

Moderate:

English learning common (compulsory in school); interest exists but ChatGPT availability is uncertain

36%→74%

(↑38 pp)

Mexico

~24% iOS vs 76% Android

(see left)

High:

Strong desire to learn English for US job/migration; ~50% of students study English in school (est.)

37%→62%

(↑25 pp)

Indonesia

~12% iOS vs 88% Android

(see left)

High:

English seen as gateway skill; government programs to improve English proficiency

<30%→68%

(↑ ~40 pp)

Turkey

~15% iOS vs 85% Android (est.)

(see left)

High:

English highly valued (universal in education);

80%

link English to better jobs

30%→75%

(↑45 pp)

Saudi Arabia

~24% iOS vs 76% Android

(see left)

Moderate:

English widely taught; 92% smartphone ownership (many already bilingual in English/Arabic)

73%→~95%

(↑ ~22 pp) (early adopter; near saturation now)

South Africa

~16% iOS vs 83% Android

(see left)

High:

Multilingual society; English and Afrikaans taught alongside native languages – cultural impetus to learn others

40%→~60%

(↑ ~20 pp) (est., steady growth)

Argentina

~12% iOS vs 88% Android

(see left)

High:

Strong interest in English (Argentina leads Latin America in English proficiency)

31%→~70%

(↑ ~39 pp) (est., sharp rise with smartphone adoption)

Sources: Smartphone OS shares are from StatCounter/Statista data (2023–24). Language-interest metrics come from surveys by Preply, Eurobarometer, Babbel, etc. (e.g. UK 73% interest; US 70% regret lack of languages; Japan >50% want English; Pearson global survey). Mobile penetration is measured as smartphone ownership percentage – dramatic growth is noted in developing markets (e.g. Brazil +40 points) and high saturation in developed ones (e.g. UK ~82%) over the last decade.

Recommendations: Based on the above, prime targets for a new ChatGPT‑powered iOS translation app would be countries with large iOS user bases and strong language-learning demand, where ChatGPT is accessible. Notably, Japan, the U.S., UK, Canada, and Australia emerge as top choices. These markets pair high iOS adoption (50–60%+ share) with significant enthusiasm for language learning – for example, Japan’s iPhone dominance and widespread desire to learn English make it ideal. English-speaking countries like the US, UK, Canada, and Australia, despite being monolingual societies, show substantial interest in learning other languages (e.g. Spanish or French), and all have over 80% smartphone penetration and millions of iPhone users.

Among emerging economies, Mexico and Brazil stand out as secondary targets: although Android prevails, their sheer population sizes mean tens of millions of iPhone users exist, and interest in English is very high for career and education reasons. These Latin American markets (where ChatGPT is active) could yield strong adoption for an iOS-only app, especially given the motivation to learn English. Conversely, China and Russia are less feasible – China’s OS split skews Android and ChatGPT is not officially available there, and Russia faces access and regulatory uncertainties.

In summary, focus on iOS-heavy, pro-learning markets: Japan and Western countries (US, UK, Canada, Australia, plus high-income Europe like Germany and France to a lesser degree) should be the first-tier targets. They combine robust iOS usage with favorable language-learning attitudes. A second tier includes large-population developing markets (Mexico, Brazil, perhaps Saudi Arabia for its historically high iPhone uptake) where interest in English is strong – these can be approached once the app gains traction in the primary markets. Such a strategy ensures the app launches where it has the greatest alignment of platform (iOS) presence and user demand for translation/language tools, maximizing the likelihood of adoption and growth.

Cilmi baarista qotada dheer waxay uga jawaabtaa weydiinta si aad u faahfaahsan, iyadoo bixisa xog isbarbardhig waddan-waddan ah oo barbar yaal ah oo loogu talagalay 10-ka dal ee ugu horumarsan iyo 10-ka dal ee ugu horumaraya si ay ugu fududaato tixraac iyo isbarbardhig. Waxay isticmaashaa xogtaas si ay u bixiso talooyin gelitaan-suuq oo faahfaahsan oo xog-ogaal ah oo la adeegsan karo.

Sida ay u shaqayso

Cilmi baarista qotada dheer waxaa lagu tababaray iyadoo la adeegsanayo waxbarashadda xoojinta ah ee end-to-end ee hawlo browsing iyo caqliyeyn adag oo ka kala socda dhinacyo badan. Tababarkaas awgiis, waxay baratay inay qorshayso oo fuliso marin dhowr-tallaabo leh si ay u hesho xogta ay u baahan tahay, iyadoo dib u noqonaysa oo ka falcelinaysa xogta waqtiga-dhabta ah marka loo baahdo. noocu sidoo kale wuxuu awood u leeyahay inuu ka baadho faylasha uu isticmaaluhu soo geliyey, sawirayo oo ku celceliyo garaafyo isagoo adeegsanaya qalabka python, ku dhex daro jawaabihiisa garaafyada la sameeyey iyo sawirrada bogagga internet-ka, isla markaana xigto jumlado ama cutubyo gaar ah oo ka imanaya ilihiisa. Natiijada tababarkan, wuxuu gaadhayaa heerar cusub oo sare oo ku saabsan tiro qiimayno dadweyne ah oo diiradda saaraya dhibaatooyinka dunida dhabta ah.

Humanity's Last Exam

Gudaha Humanity’s Last Exam⁠(ku furmaa daaqad cusub), qiimayn dhowaan la sii daayey oo tijaabisa AI maadooyin kala duwan iyadoo adeegsanaysa su’aalo heer-khubaro ah, nooca awoodda siiya cilmi baarista qotada dheer wuxuu gaarayaa heer cusub oo sare oo ah saxnaan 26.6%. Tijaabadani waxay ka kooban tahay in ka badan 3,000 su’aalood oo xulasho badan iyo jawaabo gaaban ah oo ka kala socda in ka badan 100 maaddo, laga bilaabo cilmiga luqadaha ilaa cilmiga gantaallada, classics ilaa ecology. Marka la barbar dhigo OpenAI o1, kororka ugu weyn waxa uu ka muuqday chemistry, humanities iyo social sciences, iyo mathematics. noocan awoodda siiya cilmi baarista qotada dheer wuxuu muujiyey hab u eg bini-aadamka isaga oo si wax-ku-ool ah u raadinaya xog takhasus leh marka loo baahdo.

NoocaSaxnaanta (%)
GPT-4o3.3
Grok-23.8
Claude 3.5 Sonnet4.3
Fikirka Gemini6.2
OpenAI o19.1
DeepSeek-R1*9.4
OpenAI o3-mini (dhexdhexaad)*10.5
OpenAI o3-mini (sare)*13.0
Cilmi baarista qotada dheer ee OpenAI**26.6
* Moodo ma aha moodooyin badan, waxaa lagu qiimeeyay qayb hoosaadka qoraal kaliya ah.
**oo leh qalabka daalacashada + python

GAIA

Gudaha GAIA⁠(ku furmaa daaqad cusub)1, oo ah benchmark dadweyne oo qiimeeya AI su’aalo dunida dhabta ah ah, nooca awoodda siiya cilmi baarista qotada dheer wuxuu gaadhayaa state of the art (SOTA) cusub, isagoo hoggaaminaya leaderboard⁠(ku furmaa daaqad cusub)-ka dibadda. Iyadoo ka kooban su’aalo saddex heer oo adag, dhammaystirka guusha leh ee hawlahani wuxuu u baahan yahay awoodo ay ku jiraan caqliyeynta, hufnaanta noocyo badan, browsing-ka webka, iyo xirfadda adeegsiga qalabka.

GAIA
Heerka 1Heerka 2-aadHeerka 3Celcelis ahaan
SOTA-kii hore(ku furmaa daaqad cusub)67.9267.4442.3163.64
cilmi baarista qotada dheer (pass@1)74.2969.0647.667.36
cilmi baarista qotada dheer (cons@64)78.6673.2158.0372.57

Tusaalooyinka hawlaha GAIA

In Nature journal's Scientific Reports conference proceedings from 2012, in the article that did not mention plasmons or plasmonics, what nano-compound is studied? Don't use the prefix nano in your answer if there is one.

[The remaining Chain-of-Thought messages and the final answer are hidden to protect the benchmark's ground truth answer.]

Caddaynta raadinta

Waxaan isku keenayaa codsiga maqaal ka socda 2012 ee Scientific Reports oo faahfaahinaya nano-compound, iyadoo laga reebayo kuwa la xiriira plasmonics. Waxay u badan tahay in tani ku lug leedahay kala sifaynta mowduucyo ama compounds gaar ah, sida silver ama graphene.

Isku keenista faahfaahinta

Waxaan sameynayaa sub-search “Scientific Reports 2012 nanoparticle,” oo u badan inaan raadinayo nano-compounds. Waxaan xiisaynayaa inaan sifeeyo mowduucyada plasmon-ka la xiriira, laga yaabee anigoo diiradda saaraya silver, graphene, ama quantum dots.

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La qabsiga filtarrada raadinta

Waxaan dhex galayaa advanced search filters-ka nature.com iyo Scientific Reports ee 2012, anigoo isku dayaya inaan helo maqaallo ku saabsan amorphous carbon nanoparticles ee food caramels.

Aqoonsiga proceedings-ka shirka

Natiijooyinka raadintu waxay muujinayaan proceeding shir oo cinwaankiisu yahay “2D quasiperiodic plasmonic crystals” oo ka socda 2012, una badan in laga helo qaybta “Conference Proceedings” ee Scientific Reports.

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Ka fiirsashada dhibaatooyinka suurtagalka ah

Waxaan tixgelinayaa sababaha ka dambeeya khalad-fahanka bog web ah, taas oo u badan inay ka dhalatay nooc wakiil oo duugoobay ama xannibaad aan ula kac ahayn.

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Tixgelinta ikhtiyaarrada firfircoon

Waxaan ka fikirayaa bog dabiici ah oo leh waxyaabo dynamic ah ama nooc kaydsan. Sidoo kale, isku dayga raadinta weedho gaar ah ayaa laga yaabaa inay caawiso.

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Helidda sifooyinka muhiimka ah

Haye, waxaan aqoonsanayaa afar conference proceedings oo ka socda 2012 gudaha Sci Rep. Gaar ahaan, qaar waxay sheegaan “plasmonic” waana in laga saaraa.

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Isku keenista aragtiyada

Waxaan ururinayaa xog ku saabsan gelitaanka noocyo kaydsan ama ballaarinta snippets-ka ee cinwaanno gaar ah si loo xaqiijiyo falanqayn dhammaystiran.

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Isku keenista faahfaahinta

Waxaan xusayaa socodka laga bilaabo European Materials Research Society Spring Meeting ee 2012 ilaa warbixinta sayniska, anigoo diiradda saaraya conference proceedings. Habkani wuxuu ka caawinayaa dejinta macnaha guud iyo ku habboonaanta.

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La socodka tilmaamaha joornaalka

Waxaan isku dayayaa inaan ku xiro proceedings-ka shirkii dabayaaqada 2012 iyo joornaalka “Scientific Reports”, anigoo diiradda saaraya walxaha 2D quasiperiodic plasmonic. Habkani wuxuu u muuqdaa mid nidaamsan oo sax ah.

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Falanqaynta faahfaahinta dhacdada

Waxaan xusayaa in natiijooyinka raadinta [8] ay ku jiraan bog u badan inuu soo koobayo European Materials Research Society 2012 Spring Meeting, oo ay ku jiraan 25 symposia.

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Isku keenista cilmi-baarista

Waxaan eegayaa bog ururin u eg oo leh 4 maqaal, anigoo tixgelinaya mowduucyada plasmonic iyo metamaterial, isla markaana aqoonsanaya tixraacyada muhiimka ah ee ka socda European Materials Research Society 2012 Spring Meeting.

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Helidda diiradda

Waxaan diiradda saaraya proceedings-ka shirkii 2012 ee “Scientific Reports” ee ka yimid E-MRS, kuwaas oo u badan inay ku jiraan mowduucyo sida “2D quasiperiodic plasmonic crystals” iyo “Layered plasmonic cloaks to tailor the optical scattering at the nanoscale.”

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Qiimaynta ilaha maktabadda

Waxaan ka fikirayaa special issue E-MRS 2012 Sci rep invited paper Monticone iyo metamaterials lab at News Archives – 2012.

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Qiimaynta helitaanka

Waxaan ururinayaa xog ku saabsan dhibaatooyinka suurtagalka ah ee gelitaanka bogga, anigoo tixgelinaya xaalad duugoobay ama xannibaado. Sidoo kale, waxaan qiimaynayaa bogga Monticone si loo helo tixraac liis ah.

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Isku keenista E-MRS 2012

Waxaan isku dayayaa inaan ku xiro “Layered Plasmonic Cloaks” iyo E-MRS 2012. Waxaan tixgelinayaa mowduucyo kale oo suurtagal ah sida graphene iyo catalysis.

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Aqoonsiga mowduucyada khuseeya

Waxaan ururinayaa xog ku saabsan mowduucyo sida graphene, photovoltaics, iyo nanostructured compounds, anigoo ka saaraya kuwa plasmonic-ka la xiriira. Tani waxay iga dhigaysaa inaan si guud u sii diiradda saaro dhinacyada nanotechnology.

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Hagaajinta diiraddayda

Waxaan ballaarinayaa xuduudaha raadinta anigoo gelinaya identifiers gaar ah oo bog iyo scholar ah si aan u helo maqaallo ku saabsan 2D quasiperiodic plasmonic crystals ee Nature Scientific Reports ee 2012.

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Aqoonsiga fursadaha aan plasmonic-ka ahayn

Waxaan cidhiidhinayaa raadinta si aan u aqoonsado maqaallada ka socda 2012 E-MRS special issue ee Scientific Reports. Tani waxay ku lug leedahay hubinta cinwaannada mowduucyada aan plasmonic-ka ahayn, sida graphene ama functional oxides. Horumarku wuxuu ka muuqdaa raadinta diiradda leh iyo ka saarista maqaallada plasmonic.

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Isku keenista tilmaamaha

Waxaan falanqaynayaa isdhexgalka ku jira graphene superlattice, oo u badan inuu ka yimid maqaal Sci Rep ah. Waxaan tixgelinayaa cinwaanno ay qoreen qorayaal sida Padooru, Yakovlev, Chen, iyo Alu.

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Isku keenista sawirka guud

Waxaan ururinayaa xog ku saabsan proceedings-ka Sci Rep ee E-MRS 2012 Spring Meeting, anigoo diiradda saaraya waraaqaha la casuumay ee aan lahayn plasmonic phenomena. Noocyada dib-u-eegista ku jira waa graphene, catalysis, energy materials, nanomedicine, iyo sensors.

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Hawlaha Heer-Khubaro

Qiimayn gudaha ah oo ku saabsan hawlaha heer-khubaro ee meelo kala duwan, cilmi baarista qotada dheer waxaa khubarada domain-ku ku qiimeeyeen inay otomaatig ka dhigtay saacado badan oo baaritaan adag oo gacanta ah.

Heerka Gudbidda marka loo eego Wicitaannada Qalabka Ugu Badan
Heerka GudbiddaWicitaannada Qalabka Ugu Badan
Inta uu noocu sii baadho oo uu uga sii fikiro waxa uu baadhayo, ayuu sii fiicnaanayaa, taas ayaana sababta waqti loogu siiyo fikirku uu muhiim u yahay.
Tusaalooyinka hawlaha heer-khubaro
Waqtiga hawsha lagu badbaadiyey: 4 saacadood

I am a researcher interested in bringing mixed-gas sorption capabilities to my lab. Please discuss the differences between pure- and mixed-gas sorption for glassy polymers, how the dual-mode sorption model can be used to predict mixed-gas sorption behavior in glassy polymers (include equations where applicable), and what challenges there are in accurately predicting pure- and mixed-gas sorption using the dual-mode sorption model. Only include open-source information as of October 1, 2024.

Pure vs. mixed-gas sorption in glassy polymers: In a glassy polymer (below TgT_g), a single gas typically exhibits a concave sorption isotherm: uptake rises sublinearly with pressure, unlike the linear Henry’s-law behavior above TgT_g. This is attributed to “dual-mode” sorption: some penetrant dissolves in the dense polymer matrix (obeying Henry’s law) while additional penetrant saturates specific microvoid “sites” (a Langmuir-type adsorption in the polymer’s nonequilibrium free volume). By contrast, when two or more gases are present, they compete for those limited Langmuir sorption sites. As a result, each component’s sorbed concentration in a mixture is generally lower than it would be at the same partial pressure alone. In particular the less soluble (lower-affinity) gas tends to be more strongly suppressed, often causing the mixed-gas solubility selectivity (ratio of concentrations) to exceed the ideal value predicted from pure-gas isotherms. For example, in CO₂/CH₄ mixtures both components sorb less than in their pure-gas cases (especially CH₄), so the CO₂/CH₄ sorption selectivity is higher under mixture conditions. In extreme cases, mixed-gas effects can even reverse performance trends observed with single gases. (We note that unlike competitive sorption, synergistic sorption – where one gas increases the sorption of another via polymer swelling – is usually minor in rigid high-free-volume polymers under moderate pressures.)

Dual-mode sorption model and mixed-gas prediction: The dual-mode sorption (DMS) model quantitatively captures glassy polymer sorption by superposing a Henry’s-law term and a Langmuir term. For a single gas, the sorbed concentration CC (e.g. in cm³(STP) gas per cm³ polymer) is written as:

C(p)=kD p  +  CH′ b p 1+b p  .C(p) = k_D\,p \;+\; \frac{C'_H\,b\,p}{\,1 + b\,p\,}\,.

Here kDk_D is the Henry’s law coefficient for dissolution, CH′C'_H is the Langmuir capacity constant (proportional to the polymer’s unrelaxed free-volume or “hole” capacity), and bb is the Langmuir affinity constant. This empirical formula yields the characteristic concave isotherm of glassy polymers and reduces to simple Henry’s law at the glass-transition (since CH′→0C'_H \to 0 as T→TgT \to T_g). The same three parameters (kD,CH′,bk_D, C'_H, b) are obtained by fitting pure-gas sorption data and are then used to predict mixture sorption. For a binary mixture of gases A and B (with partial pressures pA,pBp_A, p_B), the DMS model assumes each gas obeys its own Henry’s term and that both compete for the same Langmuir sites. One convenient form is to write the total sorbed concentration as the sum of contributions from each gas:

Ctot=kD,ApA+kD,BpB  +   CH,A′ bA pA  +  CH,B′ bB pB  1+bApA+bBpB  ,C_{\text{tot}} = k_{D,A}p_A + k_{D,B}p_B \;+\; \frac{\,C'_{H,A}\,b_A\,p_A \;+\; C'_{H,B}\,b_B\,p_B\,}{\,1 + b_A p_A + b_B p_B\,}\,,

which implicitly means the concentration of component i in the mixture is Ci=kD,ipi+CH,i′bipi 1+∑jbjpj C_i = k_{D,i} p_i + \frac{C'_{H,i} b_i p_i}{\,1+\sum_j b_j p_j\,}. This reduces to the single-gas formula when the other component’s pressure is zero. In practice, partial pressure in these equations is often replaced by fugacity for accuracy at high pressures, though using fugacities or pressures gives nearly the same results if applied consistently. The DMS mixed-gas model predicts the competitive sorption effect observed experimentally – namely, each gas’s uptake is depressed relative to its pure-gas sorption isotherm.

Challenges and limitations: Although the dual-mode model is widely successful in correlating sorption data, it has notable limitations in predicting sorption behavior. First, the DMS model is empirical – its fitted parameters are not universal constants but can vary with polymer formation history, physical aging, and temperature/pressure range. This means a parameter set obtained under one set of conditions may lack predictive power outside its calibration range. For instance, sorption isotherms measured only over a limited pressure range can be fit well by DMS, but extrapolating beyond that (especially approaching plasticization pressures) may be unreliable. Indeed, multiple distinct combinations of kDk_D, CH′C'_H, bb can sometimes fit the same pure-gas isotherm almost equally well – yet they yield markedly different mixed-gas predictions. This sensitivity undermines confidence in mixture forecasts, as one study showed that using different pure-gas fit sets led to only qualitative agreement with some mixed-CO₂/CH₄ data.

Furthermore, DMS inherently assumes a fixed population of Langmuir sites (microvoids) and ignores polymer relaxation or swelling induced by sorbate. In reality, penetrant-induced swelling (plasticization) can increase free volume and sorption capacity, especially for highly condensable gases at high activity – an effect the basic DMS model cannot capture. In binary sorption, this means any synergistic increase in sorption due to a second gas (or due to polymer dilation) is unaccounted for in the standard model. Conversely, the model also cannot describe sorption isotherm shapes that deviate from concave Langmuir-type behavior (e.g. sigmoidal isotherms caused by specific polymer-penetrant interactions or clustering). For example, glassy polymers absorbing polar molecules like alcohols can show sigmoidal sorption isotherms, which the simple dual-mode framework fails to represent. Finally, accurately measuring mixed-gas sorption itself is challenging, and discrepancies between idealized model assumptions (e.g. truly zero downstream pressure, no competitive diffusion limitations) and experimental realities can add to prediction error. Despite these challenges, the dual-mode sorption model – with appropriate care – remains a valuable first approximation for interpreting sorption in glassy polymers, and it highlights the key role of competitive site occupancy in mixed-gas environments. Researchers often turn to more elaborate models (e.g. non-equilibrium lattice fluid or thermodynamic theories) when the dual-mode model’s assumptions break down, but such models come at the cost of additional parameters or complexity. In summary, dual-mode sorption provides a useful baseline for pure- and mixed-gas sorption in glassy polymers, but one must be mindful of its empirical nature and the above limitations when predicting multicomponent sorption behavior in practice.

Sources: Dual-mode sorption model and mixed-gas extension; competitive sorption effects in mixtures; model equations and parameters; limitations of DMS model; parameter sensitivity and predictivity issues.

Fahamka noocyada sorption-ka

Waxaan ururinayaa xog ku saabsan pure iyo mixed-gas sorption ee glassy polymers, anigoo diiradda saaraya nooca dual-mode sorption kana hadlaya caqabadaha ku jira saadaasha moodeellada.

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Qiimaynta open access

Haye, aan arko. Natiijada ka timid MDPI ee mixed-gas sorption ee glassy polymers waxay u badan tahay inay tahay open access.

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Baadhista qaybaha
Waxaan isku keenayaa aragtiyo ka imanaya Dual Mode Sorption Model iyo falanqaynteeda la ballaariyey ee ku jirta warqadda MDPI.

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Caddaynta sifooyinka muhiimka ah

Waxaan eegayaa warbixinta shaybaarka si aan u fahmo Henry's law constant, Langmuir affinity constant, iyo Langmuir capacity constant, kuwaas oo sharxaya nuugista gaaska.

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Isku keenista

Waxaan ka shaqaynayaa suurtagalnimada in “Equation (3)” iyo “Equation (4)” ay yihiin sawirro ama formula displays, waxaanan tixgelinayaa la tashiga PDF-ka ama raadinta tixraacyo hore si aan si fiican ugu fahmo.

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Xaqiijinta ku habboonaanta cinwaanka

Waxaan xaqiijinayaa haddii dukumeentiga Freeman and Koros (1980) uu si gaar ah ugu dhigmayo tixraaca “Model for sorption of mixed gases in glassy polymers” anigoo hubinaya abstract-kiisa iyo cinwaankiisa.

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Baadhista xiriirrada maqaalka

Waxaan ogaaday in natiijada ka timid “pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov” ay u badan tahay isla maqaalka MDPI, waxaanan xiisaynayaa inaan arko inuu soo bandhigayo qoraalka ama nooc la fududeeyey.

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Ururinta xogta

Waxaan ururinayaa xog ku saabsan pure iyo mixed gas sorption ee glassy polymers. Tani waa tallaabo muhiim ah oo lagu fahmayo hab-dhaqanka walxaha ee deegaanno gaas oo kala duwan.

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Isbarbardhigga nuugista gaaska

Waxaan ogaaday in joogitaanka carbon dioxide ee isku-darka uu saameeyo nuugista methane ee polymer-ka, taas oo yaraynaysa nuugista methane marka loo eego xaalad gaas saafi ah.

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Isku xidhka fikradaha

Waxaan ka fikirayaa sida erayga “extended dual mode equation mixture” uu ula xiriiri karo xisaabaha dual mode superconducting cable. Tani waxay muujinaysaa suurtagalnimada isku xidhka fikrado ka gudba meelo kala duwan.

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Codsiga faahfaahinta dib-u-eegista

Waxaan xusayaa codsiga dib-u-eegista “Theories of Sorption and Transport in Polymer Membrane.”

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Hubinta link-ga PDF

Waxaan xiisaynayaa Natiijada [2] oo waxaan sahaminayaa snippet-ka, kaas oo ku saabsan fidinta nooca dual-mode sorption ee binary mixture iyo muujinta concentration-ka A iyadoo lagu saleeyo partial pressures iyo constants.

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Saadaalinta hab-dhaqanka sorption-ka

Nooca dual-mode wuxuu saadaalinayaa in ku darista gaas labaad ay yareyso sorption-ka marka partial pressure-ku joogto yahay, si ka duwan xaaladaha gaaska saafiga ah.

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Soo helidda PDF

Waxaan ururinayaa xog ku saabsan PDF ka socda nature.com, laga yaabee maqaal duug ah oo Yampol'ski ah, laakiin waxaan ka fikirayaa ilo kale sida keydka koodhka ee Jaamacadda Texas at Austin si aan u helo snippet qoraal ah.

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Qiimaynta ikhtiyaarrada keydka koodhka

Waxaan ogaaday in natiijada keydka UT laga yaabo inaan si sax ah u soo bandhigin. Raadinta gudaha waa mid aan la hubin. Sidoo kale, natiijada [3] waxay ka kooban tahay snippet sharxaya nooca dual mode mixture sorption, iyadoo sharxaysa saameynta tartanka iyo ku filnaanshihiisa qaabaynta xogta tijaabada.

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Hagaajinta diiradda

Waxaan hagaajinayaa habkayga si aan u hubiyo in raadintu beegsanayso macnaha saxda ah.

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Fahamka noocyada sorption-ka

Waxaan faahfaahinayaa nooca dual-mode sorption ee gaasaska saafiga ah: milanka Henry iyo buuxinta microvoid ee Langmuir. Gaasaska isku-darka ah, nuugista tartanka iyo non-idealities ayaa la xoojinayaa.

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Sahaminta hero.epa.gov

Waxaan ka fikirayaa abstract-ka ama nuxurka suurtagalka ah ee hero.epa.gov.

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Hagaajinta nooca

Waxaan ururinayaa aragtiyo ku saabsan nuugista gaaska saafiga ah iyo kuwa isku-darka ah, anigoo tixgelinaya qodobo sida tartanka, plasticization, iyo xasilloonida xuduudaha. Waxaan ku darayaa xogta mixed-gas si loo helo saadaallo sax ah.

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Wax ka qabashada caqabadaha nooca dual sorption

Isku-xidhka xuduudaha iyo inaanay gaar ahayn waxay saameeyaan saadaasha. Maqnaanshaha isbeddellada xaaladda polymer-ka waxay horseedi kartaa indho-sarcaad.

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Cabbiridda leexashada

Waxaan cabbirayaa solubility-ga aan ideal-ka ahayn ee CO2-CH4 ee 6FDA-mPDA, anigoo muujinaya saameynta mixed gas ku leedahay solubility. Competitive sorption ma aha sababta keliya ee hoos u dhaca permeability selectivity.

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Ku darista tixraacyada

Waxaan ururinayaa xigashooyin, anigoo diiradda saaraya agabyo open-source ah sida MDPI 2019 iyo Vopicka 2014, si aan u taageero doodda ku saabsan kala duwanaanshaha iyo caqabadaha ku jira nooca dual-mode ee nuugista gaaska ee xuubabka polymeric.

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Soo jeedinta qaybaha

Waxaan habaynayaa qaybo ku saabsan pure vs mixed-gas sorption, anigoo sahaminaya nooca dual-mode sorption, isla markaana faahfaahinaya caqabadaha sida hubanti la’aanta xuduudaha iyo saadaasha mixed gas.

Habaynta nuxurka

Waxaan diiradda saaraya nooca dual-mode sorption, anigoo faahfaahinaya hab-dhaqannada pure iyo mixed-gas sorption, isla markaana muujinaya kala duwanaanshaha iyo caqabadaha muhiimka ah iyadoo la adeegsanayo bullet points iyo qaybo habaysan si ay u caddaato.

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Doorashada xigashooyinka

Haye, aan arko. Waxaan u janjeeraa [3], [20], [22], iyo [21] sababtoo ah waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo cad oo ku saabsan dual-mode sorption iyo isku-darka gaasaska.

Khariidaynta xuduudaha

Waxaan isku keenayaa magacyada xuduudaha si jahawareer looga fogaado. Waxaan ku sii joogayaa (k), (C_H'), iyo (b) si ay u caddaato. Xisaabaha gaaska saafiga ah iyo isku-darka si faahfaahsan oo cad ayaa loo soo bandhigay.

Wax ka qabashada caqabadaha

Waxaan wajahayaa parameter fits xalal badan leh, polymer plasticization, iyo saameynta waqtiga. Kakanaantan ayaa ka dhigaysa saadaalinta nuugista gaasaska saafiga ah iyo kuwa isku-darka mid adag.

Isku keenista

Waxaan qaabaynayaa qaybo ku saabsan kala duwanaanshaha sorption-ka, nooca dual-mode ee gaasaska saafiga ah, fidintiisa gaasaska isku-darka ah, iyo caqabadaha la xiriira. Socodkani wuxuu u muuqdaa mid macquul ah oo wax-ku-ool ah.

Heerka Gudbidda Hawlaha Heer-Khubaro marka loo eego Qiimaha Dhaqaale ee La Qiyaasay
Heerka GudbiddaQiimaha Dhaqaale ee La Qiyaasay
Heerka Gudbidda Hawlaha Heer-Khubaro marka loo eego Saacadaha La Qiyaasay
Heerka GudbiddaSaacadaha La Qiyaasay
Qiimaha dhaqaale ee hawshu wuxuu la xiriiraa heerka gudbidda wax ka badan inta saacadood ee ay bini-aadam ku qaadan lahayd – waxyaabaha ku adag noocyadu way ka duwan yihiin kuwa bini-aadamka waqtiga ka cuna.

Xaddidaadaha

Cilmi baarista qotada dheer waxay furaysaa awoodo cusub oo muhiim ah, laakiin weli waa bilow waxayna leedahay xaddidaadyo. Mararka qaarkood waxay ku mala-awaali kartaa xaqiiqooyin jawaabaha ama waxay samayn kartaa gunaanad khaldan, inkastoo heer aad uga hooseeya noocyada ChatGPT ee jira, sida ku cad qiimaynta gudaha. Waxaa ku adkaan kara kala saaridda xog awood leh iyo xan, waxayna hadda muujisaa daciifnimo ku saabsan cabbiridda kalsoonida, iyadoo inta badan ku guuldarraysata inay si sax ah u muujiso hubanti la’aanta. Bilowga, waxaa jiri kara khaladaad yar yar oo qaabayn ah warbixinaha iyo xigashooyinka, hawluhuna waxay qaadan karaan waqti dheer inay bilaabmaan. Waxaan filaynaa in dhammaan arrimahan si degdeg ah ugu fiicnaan doonaan isticmaal dheeraad ah iyo waqtiba.

Gelitaan

Cilmi baarista qotada dheer ee ChatGPT hadda waxay aad ugu baahan tahay xisaab badan. Inta ay dheeraato baaritaanka su’aal, ayay xisaab inferens dheeraad ah u baahan tahay. Waxaan maanta ku bilaabaynaa nooc loo habeeyey isticmaaleyaasha Pro, oo leh ilaa 100 su’aalood bishii. Isticmaaleyaasha Plus iyo Team ayaa heli doona gelitaan marka xigta, waxaana ku xigi doona Enterprise. Weli waxaan ka shaqaynaynaa sidii gelitaan loogu siin lahaa isticmaaleyaasha Boqortooyada Midowday, Switzerland, iyo Aagga Dhaqaalaha Yurub.

Dhammaan isticmaaleyaasha lacag bixiya waxay dhowaan heli doonaan xadad aad uga sarreeya marka aan sii daynno nooc ka dheereeya oo kharash ahaan wax-ku-ool badan oo cilmi baarista qotada dheer ah oo ay waddo nooc yar oo weli bixiya natiijooyin tayo sare leh.

Toddobaadyada iyo bilaha soo socda, waxaan ka shaqayn doonnaa kaabayaasha farsamo, si dhow ayaan ula socon doonnaa sii-deynta hadda jirta, waxaanan samayn doonnaa tijaabooyin xitaa ka adag. Tani waxay waafaqsan tahay mabda’eenna sii-deynta soo noqnoqota. Haddii dhammaan hubinnada badbaadadu sii wadaan inay buuxiyaan heerarkeena sii-deynta, waxaan filaynaa inaan sii daynno cilmi baarista qotada dheer isticmaaleyaasha Plus qiyaastii hal bil gudahood.

Maxaa xiga

Cilmi baarista qotada dheer maanta waxay ka jirtaa ChatGPT web, waxaana bisha gudaheeda loo sii deyn doonaa apps-ka mobile-ka iyo desktop-ka. Hadda, cilmi baarista qotada dheer waxay geli kartaa webka furan iyo fayl kasta oo la soo geliyey. Mustaqbalka, waxaad awoodi doontaa inaad ku xidho ilo xogeed oo takhasus badan leh—iyadoo la ballaarinayo gelitaankeeda ilaha ku salaysan rukhsad ama kuwa gudaha ah—si wax-soo-saarkeedu u noqdo mid ka sii xooggan oo shaqsiyeysan.

Marka la sii eego mustaqbalka, waxaan qiyaasaynaa waayo-aragnimooyin wakiileed oo ku midoobaya ChatGPT si loogu sameeyo cilmi-baaris iyo fulin dhab ah oo asynchronous ah. Isku darka cilmi baarista qotada dheer, oo qaban karta baaritaan onlayn ah oo asynchronous ah, iyo operator, oo qaadi kara tallaabo dunida dhabta ah ah, wuxuu awood siin doonaa ChatGPT inuu kuu fuliyo hawlo sii kordhaya oo aad u xeel dheer.

Kordhin Febraayo 3, 2025: Waxaan ku samaynay tijaabooyin badbaado oo adag, qiimayno diyaar-garow, iyo dib-u-eegisyo maamul noocii hore ee o3 ee awoodda siiya cilmi baarista qotada dheer, annagoo u aqoonsannay inuu yahay khatar Dhexdhexaad⁠(ku furmaa daaqad cusub) ah. Waxaan sidoo kale samaynay tijaabooyin badbaado oo dheeraad ah si aan si fiican ugu fahanno khataraha kordhaya ee la xidhiidha awoodda cilmi baarista qotada dheer ay ugu baadho webka, waxaana ku darnay yareynno cusub. Waxaan sii wadi doonnaa tijaabinta si qoto dheer iyo kormeerka dhow ee sii-deyntan xaddidan ee hadda jirta. Waxaan wadaagi doonnaa aragtiyadayada badbaado iyo tallaabooyinka difaaca ee cilmi baarista qotada dheer gudaha kaarka siistamka marka aan ballaarinno gelitaanka isticmaaleyaasha Plus.

Qoraallada hoose

  1. 1

    Waxaan ogaanay in jawaabaha xaqiiqda ah ee dataset-kan si ballaaran loogu faafiyey onlayn, sidaas darteedna waxaan xannibnay dhowr website ama URL si loo hubiyo qiimayn caddaalad ah oo nooca ah.

Qorayaal

OpenAI

Hoggaamiyeyaasha Cilmi-baarista

Isa Fulford, Zhiqing Sun

Ka-qaybqaatayaasha Aasaasiga ah

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Ka-qaybqaatayaasha Muhiimka ah

Cilmi-baaris

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Dejinta

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Ka-qaybqaatayaal

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+ dhammaan ka-qaybqaatayaasha o3.

Nidaamyada Badbaadada

Adam Kalai, Alex Beutel, Andrea Vallone, Andy Applebaum, David Robinson, Elizabeth Proehl, Evan Mays, Grace Zhao, Irina Kofman, Jason Phang, Joaquin Quinonero Candela, Joel Parish, Kevin Liu, Kristen Ying, Lama Ahmad, Leon Maksin, Leyton Ho, Meghan Shah, Michele Wang, Miles Wang, Phillip Guo, Olivia Watkins, Owen Campbell-Moore, Patrick Chao, Sam Toizer, Samuel Miserendino, Sandhini Agarwal, Tejal Patwardhan, Tina Sriskandarajah, Troy Peterson, Yaodong Yu, Yunyun Wang

Dejinta

Adam Koppel, Adam Wells, Adele Li, Andy Applebaum, Andrey Malevich, Andrew Duberstein, Andrew Howell, Anton Tananaev, Ashley Tyra, Brandon Walkin, Bryan Ashley, Cary Bassin, Cary Hudson, Cory Decareaux, Cristina Scheau, Derek Chen, Dibya Bhattacharjee, Drea Lopez, Eric Antonow, Eric Burke, Filippo Raso, Fotis Chantzis, Freddie Sulit, Harris Cohen, Heather Whitney, Jay Dixit, Jeffrey Han, Jen Robinson, Jessica Shieh, Joel Parish, Kan Wu, Kevin Gladstone, Kshitij Wadhwa, Leo Vandriel, Leyton Ho, Liang Chen, Madeline Christian, Mamie Rheingold, Matt Jones, Michelle Fradin, Mike McClay, Mingxuan Wang, Nacho Soto, Niko Felix, Patrick Delaney, Paul McMillan, Philip Pronin, Rodrigo Riaza Perez, Samuel Miserendino, Scott Ethersmith, Steven Baldwin, Thomas Dimson, Tomo Hiratsuka, Yaming Lin, Yara Khakbaz, Yining Chen

Hoggaan

Akshay Nathan, Greg Brockman, Hannah Wong, Jakub Pachocki, Jerry Tworek, Johannes Heidecke, Josh Tobin, Liam Fedus, Mark Chen, Mia Glaese, Nick Turley, Sam Altman, Wojciech Zaremba