Research

DALL·E 2

DALL·E 2 is an AI system that can create realistic images and art from a description in natural language.
Visualization of a neural network to train a generative image model


Latest updates

View all updates

DALL·E 2 can create original, realistic images and art from a text description. It can combine concepts, attributes, and styles.

Tabs

DALL·E 2 can create original, realistic images and art from a text description. It can combine concepts, attributes, and styles.

Try DALL·E
Input
An astronaut riding a horse in photorealistic style.
Output

Output

  • DALL·E 2 generation for “An astronaut riding a horse in outer space in a photorealistic style”
  • DALL·E 2 generation for “An astronaut riding a horse in outer space in a photorealistic style”
  • DALL·E 2 generation for “An astronaut riding a horse in outer space in a photorealistic style”
  • DALL·E 2 generation for “An astronaut riding a horse in outer space in a photorealistic style”
  • DALL·E 2 generation for “An astronaut riding a horse in outer space in a photorealistic style”

Output Navigation

In January 2021, OpenAI introduced DALL·E. One year later, our newest system, DALL·E 2, generates more realistic and accurate images with 4x greater resolution.

A DALL·E 1 generation of an oil painting of a fox sitting in a field

DALL·E 1

A DALL·E 2 generation of an oil painting of a fox sitting in a field

DALL·E 2

DALL·E 2 is preferred over DALL·E 1 when evaluators compared each model.

71.7%

preferred for caption matching

88.8%

preferred for photorealism

Related research

View all research

A focus on safety

DALL·E 2 began as a research project and is now available in beta. Safety mitigations we have developed and continue to improve upon include:

Preventing harmful generations

We’ve limited the ability for DALL·E 2 to generate violent, hate, or adult images. By removing the most explicit content from the training data, we minimized DALL·E 2’s exposure to these concepts. We also used advanced techniques to prevent photorealistic generations of real individuals’ faces, including those of public figures.
Read about improving safety

Curbing misuse

Our content policy does not allow users to generate violent, adult, or political content, among other categories. We won’t generate images if our filters identify text prompts and image uploads that may violate our policies. We also have automated and human monitoring systems to guard against misuse.
Read content policy

Phased deployment based on learning

Learning from real-world use is an important part of developing and deploying AI responsibly. We began by previewing DALL·E 2 to a limited number of trusted users. As we learned more about the technology’s capabilities and limitations, and gained confidence in our safety systems, we slowly added more users and made DALL·E available in beta in July 2022.
View risks and limitations

Our hope is that DALL·E 2 will empower people to express themselves creatively. DALL·E 2 also helps us understand how advanced AI systems see and understand our world, which is critical to our mission of creating AI that benefits humanity.

Credits

Research Advancements

Aditya Ramesh, Prafulla Dhariwal, Alex Nichol, Casey Chu, Mark Chen


Engineering, Design, Product, and Prototyping

Jeff Belgum, Dave Cummings, Jonathan Gordon, Chris Hallacy, Shawn Jain, Joanne Jang, Fraser Kelton, Vishal Kuo, Joel Lehman, Rachel Lim, Bianca Martin, Evan Morikawa, Rajeev Nayak, Glenn Powell, Krijn Rijshouwer, David Schnurr, Maddie Simens, Kenneth Stanley, Felipe Such, Chelsea Voss, Justin Jay Wang


Comms, Policy, Legal, Ops, Safety, and Security

Steven Adler, Lama Ahmad, Miles Brundage, Kevin Button, Che Chang, Fotis Chantzis, Derek Chen, Frances Choi, Steve Dowling, Elie Georges, Shino Jomoto, Aris Konstantinidis, Gretchen Krueger, Andrew Mayne, Pamela Mishkin, Bob Rotsted, Natalie Summers, Dave Willner, Hannah Wong


Acknowledgments

Thanks to those who helped with and provided feedback on this release: Sandhini Agarwal, Sam Altman, Chester Cho, Peter Hoeschele, Jacob Jackson, Jong Wook Kim, Matt Knight, Jason Kwon, Anna Makanju, Katie Mayer, Bob McGrew, Luke Miller, Mira Murati, Adam Nace, Hyeonwoo Noh, Cullen O’Keefe, Long Ouyang, Michael Petrov, Henrique Ponde de Oliveira Pinto, Alec Radford, Girish Sastry, Pranav Shyam, Aravind Srinivas, Ilya Sutskever, Preston Tuggle, Arun Vijayvergiya, Peter Welinder